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Food is "devouring" the economy: Albania spends over 3 times more on food than the EU

In 2025, Albania had the highest share of food expenditures in relation to the economy in Europe.
In 2025, nominal food spending was 20.4% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), or about a fifth of the economy, compared to just 6.2%, which was the European Union average.
Even a regional comparison shows a noticeable difference. In Montenegro, food spending was 19.9% of GDP, in Bosnia and Herzegovina 19.1%, in North Macedonia 17.9% and in Serbia only 12.8%.
Such a high weight is primarily related to low income levels. For families with more limited incomes, the bulk of the budget is focused on basic needs, and food is among the first.
In higher-income countries, after food needs are met, a much larger portion of income remains for housing, transportation, health, education, culture, entertainment, and savings.
Albania has individual consumption per capita, measured in purchasing power parity, of 48% of the EU average, while per capita income is only 43% of the European average. However, food expenditure relative to the economy is over three times higher than in the EU.
In value, according to Eurostat data, Albania spends 5.1 billion euros on food.
First, Albania has a high weight of some of the most basic products in the economy, ranking at the top of Europe for spending on milk and dairy products, oils and fats, and vegetables.
The group “milk, other dairy products and eggs” represented about 4.5% of Albania’s GDP in 2025. The European Union average was only 1%.
No other country in the European table had a higher share.
In Bosnia and Herzegovina, spending on this group was 4.2% of GDP, in Montenegro 3.5%, in North Macedonia 3.4% and in Serbia 2.2%. In Greece the share was only 1.7%, while in Italy 1.2%.
The weight of milk, dairy and eggs in the Albanian economy is thus 4.5 times higher than the EU average.
There is no data to suggest that Albanians consume more dairy products than Europe. The difference is more likely to be due to the high price level of these products. In 2025,
Albania had an index of 135.6 for milk, dairy products and eggs, where the EU average is 100. Prices were 35.6% above the European average, ranking Albania the third most expensive in Europe for this group. In value, spending for this group was 1.1 billion euros.
Diferenca me rajonin ishte edhe më e fortë. Indeksi ishte 107.1 në Serbi, 95 në Malin e Zi, 92 në Bosnjë-Hercegovinë dhe 89.6 në Maqedoninë e Veriut. Shqiptarët i paguanin këto produkte rreth 27% më shtrenjtë se serbët, 43% më shtrenjtë se malazezët dhe mbi 50% më shtrenjtë se konsumatorët në Maqedoninë e Veriut.
Një tjetër diferencë e fortë është te vajrat dhe yndyrnat. Në Shqipëri, shpenzimet për këtë kategori ishin sa 1.4% e PBB-së, kundrejt vetëm 0.2% në Bashkimin Europian. Në raport me madhësinë e ekonomisë, Shqipëria shpenzon shtatë herë më shumë se mesatarja e BE-së për këtë grup produktesh. Në vlerë shpenzimi ishte 356 milionë euro.
Edhe në këtë rast, Shqipëria kishte peshën më të lartë ndër vendet europiane të përfshira në tabelë. Në Malin e Zi, Bosnjë-Hercegovinë dhe Maqedoninë e Veriut, vajrat dhe yndyrnat zinin vetëm 0.6% të PBB-së, ndërsa në Serbi 0.4%. Edhe Greqia, relativisht e lartë në krahasim me BE-në, ishte në 0.7%.
Edhe çmimet e vajrave dhe yndyrnave në Shqipëri ishin mbi mesataren europiane në vitin 2025. Indeksi i çmimeve ishte 112.5, ose 12.5% mbi mesataren e BE-së. Në këtë grup, megjithatë, Shqipëria nuk ishte më e shtrenjta në rajon, pasi Serbia kishte indeksin 128.4 dhe Mali i Zi 119.4. Bosnjë-Hercegovina ishte në 99.2 dhe Maqedonia e Veriut në 95.
Një peshë po aq e pazakontë kanë zarzavatet. Grupi që Eurostat klasifikon si “zarzavate, zhardhokë, banane gatimi dhe bishtajore” përfaqësonte 3.9% të PBB-së së Shqipërisë në vitin 2025, pothuajse pesë herë më shumë se mesatarja e Bashkimit Europian prej 0.8%. Për zarzavatet shpenzohen gati 1 miliardë euro në vit.
Shqipëria ndan nivelin më të lartë me Maqedoninë e Veriut, gjithashtu me 3.9% të PBB-së. Në Bosnjë-Hercegovinë pesha ishte vetëm 1.7%, në Malin e Zi 1.6% dhe në Serbi 1.4%. Në Greqi ishte gjithashtu 1.4%, ndërsa në Itali 1.2%.
Në ndryshim nga bulmeti dhe vajrat, çmimet e këtij grupi në Shqipëri mbeten nën mesataren e BE-së, por janë shumë më të larta se në pjesën më të madhe të rajonit.
Indeksi i çmimeve për zarzavatet ishte 91.2, pothuajse i njëjtë me Serbinë, me 91. Megjithatë, çmimet në Shqipëri ishin rreth 20% më të larta se në Bosnjë-Hercegovinë, 22% më të larta se në Malin e Zi dhe 27% më të larta se në Maqedoninë e Veriut.
Mishi është produkti që merr pjesën më të madhe të shpenzimeve ushqimore në Shqipëri. Grupi i mishit dhe produkteve të kafshëve të therura përfaqësonte 4.7% të PBB-së, kundrejt 1.3% mesatarisht në BE. Pesha ishte rreth 3.6 herë më e lartë se mesatarja europiane. Në vlerë, shpenzimi është gati 1.2 miliardë euro.
Në rajon, vetëm Mali i Zi dhe Bosnjë-Hercegovina kishin një peshë më të lartë, me nga 5.6% të PBB-së. Serbia ishte në 3.6% dhe Maqedonia e Veriut në 3.4%.
Në çmime, mishi në Shqipëri ishte vetëm 2% më i lirë se mesatarja e BE-së, me indeks 98, por rezultonte më i shtrenjti në rajon. Indeksi ishte 86.1 në Serbi, 83 në Bosnjë-Hercegovinë, 77.6 në Maqedoninë e Veriut dhe vetëm 71 në Malin e Zi.
Fruits and nuts also account for a much larger share of the Albanian economy than in the EU. Spending on them was 1.9% of GDP, compared to 0.5% in the European Union, or almost four times as much. Montenegro and North Macedonia had a higher share, at 2.3% each, while Bosnia and Herzegovina was at 1.7% and Serbia at just 1%.
Fruit and nut prices in Albania were 92.1% of the EU average, but the gap with the region's cheaper economies was large. In Bosnia and Herzegovina the index was 71.2 and in North Macedonia 52.4.
In comparison, fruits and nuts in Albania cost about 76% more.
For cereals and their products, spending was 2.1% of GDP, more than double the EU average of 1%. In this category, Albania does not lead the region: Montenegro reaches 3.5%,
Bosnia and Herzegovina at 2.7%, North Macedonia at 2.5% and Serbia at 2.2%.
The large weight that food takes in the Albanian economy is now accompanied by another development. In 2025, for the first time, the level of food prices in Albania exceeded the European Union average.
The food index reached 102.9, or 2.9% above the EU average, from 99.6 a year earlier and around 85 in 2022. Albania is the only country in the region where food prices have exceeded the European average. Serbia, the second most expensive, had an index of 96.6, while Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina were at 84.6 and North Macedonia at just 74.3.
When non-alcoholic beverages are included, Albania's index reaches 103.8. In Serbia it is 97.1, in Montenegro 86.5, in Bosnia and Herzegovina 85.8 and in North Macedonia 74.8.
Food and non-alcoholic beverages cost about 7% more in Albania than in Serbia, 20% more than in Montenegro, 21% more than in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and almost 39% more than in North Macedonia.
Of the 12 detailed food groups reported by Eurostat, in half of them prices in Albania are already above the European Union average. Among them are milk and dairy products, oils and fats, sugar and confectionery, non-alcoholic beverages and ready meals, while meat and fish are close to the European average.
Non-alcoholic beverages, on which Albania spends 1.4% of GDP, compared to 0.6% in the EU, had a price index of 114.3 in 2025, or 14.3% above the European average and the highest in the region.
Sugar, sweets and confectionery had an index of 123.1, or 23.1% above the EU average, while ready meals and other food products reached 128.2, or 28.2% more expensive than the European average./ Monitor
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