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Vitamin D deficiency in fall and winter: The hidden signs you shouldn't ignore

By Lisa Salmon, dpa
Experts say that bone pain and fatigue can be signs of vitamin D deficiency and that supplements are the only way to ensure sufficient intake during the winter.
As winter approaches in the northern hemisphere and the days grow darker, our bodies are suffering more than we realize.
We need sunlight on our skin to produce vital vitamin D, which is important for bone and muscle health, as well as immune system function, but at this time of year the sun's rays simply don't have enough strength to make this possible.
Vitamin D deficiency can also cause a number of hidden and insidious health problems you may not be aware of for a long time, but your body functions much better when it has the right amount of vitamin D, experts point out.
“You can get most vitamins through a balanced diet, so if you eat lots of good vegetables, fruit etc. you can get most of your vitamins,” says Dr. Henrik Premasundaram, a GP and health check-up specialist at HCA Healthcare UK.
“But with vitamin D this is simply not possible, because the main source of its production is the sun. Vitamin D is essential for healthy bones and muscles, as well as for the normal functioning of the immune system. If you are deficient in it, this can lead to problems such as fatigue and, in cases where levels are very low, it can also affect mood.”
As Bridget Benelam, a nutrition scientist at the British Nutrition Foundation (BNF), explains: “Vitamin D is unique among the essential vitamins because our main source is sunlight, not the food and drink we consume. Sunlight hitting our skin triggers a vital chemical reaction, enabling the body to produce vitamin D.”
During the summer, short periods of sunlight exposure are enough for most people to produce vitamin D, she says. However, in places where sunlight is not strong enough to enable vitamin D production for half the year, the body relies on reserves built up during the summer and dietary sources of vitamin D.
If the body lacks this vitamin, consequences may occur that people do not realize are related to its deficiency.
“Mungesa e vitaminës D nuk shkakton gjithmonë simptoma të dukshme që në fillim”, thekson ajo. “Por nivelet e ulëta për një kohë të gjatë mund të çojnë në dhimbje të kockave, dobësi të muskujve dhe rritje të rrezikut të rrëzimeve te të moshuarit.”
Te fëmijët, mungesa e rëndë mund të shkaktojë rakitizëm, ndërsa te të rriturit mund të shkaktojë osteomalaci, një gjendje që çon në zbutjen dhe dobësimin e kockave.
Përveç kësaj, një studim i vitit 2023, i kryer nga universitetet e Exeter-it dhe Calgary-t me më shumë se 12.000 persona, disa prej të cilëve merrnin suplemente të vitaminës D dhe disa jo, zbuloi se në grupin që merrte suplemente u regjistruan 40% më pak diagnoza të demencës.
Por cila është mënyra më e mirë për të marrë mjaftueshëm vitaminë D, veçanërisht në vendet që po përgatiten të hyjnë në një dimër të errët dhe të zymtë?
Sasia e saktë e ekspozimit ndaj rrezeve të diellit që nevojitet për të marrë mjaftueshëm vitaminë D ndryshon, thotë Benelam, në varësi të faktorëve të tillë si lloji i lëkurës, mosha, veshjet dhe kushtet atmosferike.
“Shumica e njerëzve mund t’i ruajnë nivelet e vitaminës D përmes ekspozimit ndaj rrezeve të diellit, veçanërisht gjatë pranverës dhe verës, por sigurisht që jo gjatë vjeshtës dhe dimrit, thjesht për shkak të mënyrës se si depërtojnë rrezet UVB”, thotë Premasundaram. Në thelb, ato janë thjesht tepër të dobëta për shkak të reve ose ekspozimit të pamjaftueshëm ndaj diellit, që do të thotë se nuk do të merrni mjaftueshëm vitaminë D nga dielli.
Ai thekson gjithashtu se ekspozimi vetëm i fytyrës ndaj rrezeve të diellit nuk ka gjasa të prodhojë sasinë e nevojshme të vitaminës D.
“Nuk është e thënë që vetëm ekspozimi i fytyrës ndaj rrezeve të diellit të jetë i mjaftueshëm”, shpjegon ai. “Në të vërtetë, ju nevojitet një sipërfaqe më e madhe e lëkurës, ndaj është mjaft e vështirë të merrni sasinë që ju nevojitet realisht vetëm përmes ekspozimit ndaj diellit.”
Është e mundur të merrni një pjesë të vitaminës D përmes ushqimit, por nuk ka shumë gjasa të arrini të merrni sasinë e mjaftueshme. Për shkak se gjatë vjeshtës dhe dimrit në hemisferën veriore mund të prodhohet shumë pak vitaminë D përmes ekspozimit të lëkurës ndaj rrezeve të diellit, rekomandohet marrja e suplementeve të vitaminës D si për të rriturit, ashtu edhe për fëmijët.
Benelam thotë: “Nuk ka shumë ushqime që janë burime të mira të vitaminës D peshqit me përmbajtje të lartë yndyre, si salmoni, skumbria dhe sardelet, ofrojnë sasinë më të madhe. Vitamina D mund të merret gjithashtu nga vezët, drithërat e pasuruara dhe lyerësit ushqimorë me përmbajtje yndyre, si dhe nga kërpudhat e pasuruara me vitaminë D.”
Ajo thotë se një porcion prej 140 g salmon të pjekur siguron rreth 10 mikrogramë vitaminë D (sasia e rekomanduar ditore), një porcion prej 30 g drithërash të pasuruara siguron rreth 1,4 mikrogramë, një vezë siguron rreth 1,6 mikrogramë dhe një porcion prej 80 g kërpudhash të pasuruara siguron 3,2 mikrogramë.
“Although it is possible to get some vitamin D from food, it can be difficult to achieve the recommended intake through diet alone,” she explains, “because relatively few foods naturally contain significant amounts of it.”
Premasundaram adds: “It's really, really difficult to get enough vitamin D through diet alone, so during the winter months we would encourage people to take a supplement - it's just an easy way to meet your daily vitamin D requirement. That's important.”
Benelam says health authorities recommend taking a daily supplement of 10 micrograms of vitamin D for everyone over the age of five, from October to March. They also recommend supplements for infants and young children, with appropriate amounts depending on whether babies are breastfed or bottle-fed, as well as the child's age.
Benelam points out that people with darker skin, those who cover their skin for religious or cultural reasons, and those who do not regularly go outside are more at risk of vitamin D deficiency. For this reason, it is recommended that they take a vitamin D supplement year-round.
However, Benelam says that, despite this, BNF surveys suggest that only around half of people are aware of the recommendation to take a vitamin D supplement during the autumn and winter months.
"A daily 10 microgram supplement is a simple and inexpensive way to help maintain adequate vitamin D levels when sunlight exposure is limited," she emphasizes.
But if people start taking vitamin D supplements, are they likely to notice any changes in how they feel?
“Yes, definitely,” Premasundaram emphasizes. “It can also help improve mood and make people feel more energetic.
"I take vitamin D regularly and I feel much better, I feel less tired. Is it a placebo effect? Maybe to a small extent, but I think it definitely has a positive impact on the well-being of patients."/DPA News
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