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After speculation, leaks and information from anonymous sources over the past four years, the world is finally close to hearing public testimony, under oath, in a German court, about how the Nord Stream pipeline was blown up – in a case that could have major political consequences.
German prosecutors have identified seven Ukrainian suspects, but only one of them will sit in the dock at the trial that begins on October 14. In court documents, he is identified as Serhii K., and is said to be suspected of complicity in the commission of a war crime.
This classification has caused outrage. But German prosecutors have further escalated tensions, stating that the suspects were acting “on behalf of state authorities in Ukraine.”
Kiev has always categorically denied any involvement in the attack, which damaged vital energy infrastructure supplying Germany - one of Ukraine's most important military backers in its war since the launch of Russia's large-scale invasion in February 2022.
Serhii K., identified in other sources as Serhiy Kuznetsov, says he is innocent.
"Two crazy soldiers"
Nord Stream is mostly owned by Gazprom, the Russian state-controlled company, and the pipeline is partly financed by major European energy companies. The pipeline was built to send Russian gas directly to Germany, bypassing transit countries like Ukraine and Poland, which have had tense relations with Moscow.
The suspected sabotage and subsequent gas leaks occurred in September 2022, putting the pipeline out of service.
Initially, Western governments blamed Russia for the explosions, but German investigators began building a case that a group of Ukrainian divers had rented a yacht and placed explosives on the seabed.
According to them, Kuznetsov, a former military man, was the main organizer.
"In late February 2022, he and other military personnel developed the plan on behalf of state authorities in Ukraine," a summary of the indictment released by prosecutors says. "The goal was to permanently disrupt gas supplies through pipelines and prevent Russia from using revenues from natural gas trade to finance its war effort."
Prosecutors have not made public all the details of the alleged conspiracy.
Aktakuza e plotë përmban disa hollësi të tjera, sipas tri mediave gjermane që thonë se e kanë parë atë: televizioni publik ARD, dhe dy gazeta të njohura, Sueddeutsche Zeitung dhe Die Zeit.
Të tria raportuan se, gjatë qëndrimit në paraburgim në Itali, Kuznetsov kishte telefonuar bashkëshorten e tij në Kiev, ndërsa hetuesit po e përgjonin fshehurazi. Gjatë bisedës, ai kishte thënë se një avokat e kishte këshilluar se kishte ardhur koha të pranonte se bëhej fjalë për një “operacion zyrtar ushtarak”. Komandanti i tij duhej të deklaronte se ata nuk ishin thjesht “dy ushtarakë të çmendur”.
Avokati italian i Kuznetsovit, Nicola Canestrini, e ka minimizuar rëndësinë e kësaj prove, duke thënë se në çështje nuk kishte “asnjë provë vendimtare”.
“Është e vështirë të besohet se, pas luftës agresore të Rusisë kundër Ukrainës, një gjykatë gjermane do të zhvillojë një gjyq për krime lufte kundër një ushtaraku ukrainas”, shtoi ai në komente për Radion Evropa e Lirë (REL).
Tri mediat gjermane e identifikuan Roman Chervinskiyn si komandantin e Serhii K., ndërsa emri i tij ishte shfaqur edhe në disa raportime të mëparshme mediatike që citonin burime të inteligjencës. Në korrik, Chervinskiy i tha Shërbimit ukrainas të REL-it se “gjermanët, në fakt, nuk kanë asnjë provë se Serhii ka marrë pjesë në këtë operacion, nëse ai ka ndodhur fare”.
Një tjetër i dyshuar, i identifikuar nga Gjermania si Vladimir Z., ndodhet aktualisht në paraburgim në Kroaci, ku po kundërshton ekstradimin. Ai ishte ndaluar më parë në Poloni, por u lirua pasi një gjykatës polak vendosi se, nëse Ukraina ishte përgjegjëse për sulmin ndaj Nord Stream-it, ai ishte një veprim “i drejtë”.
Zhytës profesionist dhe i identifikuar nga avokatët e tij polakë si Volodymyr Zhuravlyov, ai punonte në Kroaci si këshilltar për një film të Hollivudit rreth Nord Stream-it.
Gjatë gjyqit, prokuroria do të duhet të paraqesë provat për ekzistencën e një komploti dhe të shpjegojë shtrirjen e tij të plotë.
“Pyetja vendimtare është kjo: Sa nga ky plan erdhi nga nivelet më të larta të sistemit politik ukrainas dhe sa u përgatit nga disa persona brenda shërbimit të inteligjencës?”, tha për REL-in Stefan Meister, specialist për Rusinë dhe Evropën Lindore në Këshillin Gjerman për Marrëdhëniet me Jashtë.
“Çështja kryesore politike është roli i Zelenskyt dhe i administratës presidenciale. Dhe për këtë ende nuk kemi prova se ata ishin vërtet të përfshirë”, shtoi ai.
Avokati gjerman i Kuznetsovit, Jes Meyer-Lohkamp, tha se prokurorët “nuk kanë paraqitur asnjë provë të drejtpërdrejtë dhe përfundimtare për përfshirjen e klientit tonë” dhe se gjykata gjermane do të duhet të përcaktojë nëse Nord Stream ishte vërtet një objektiv i ligjshëm ushtarak.
Gjykata e Lartë Rajonale e Hamburgut ka caktuar nga dy seanca në javë deri të paktën në shkurt, pa përcaktuar ende një datë për përfundimin e gjyqit.
Mbështetja gjermane për Ukrainën
As the court case unfolds, it is expected to further fuel the fierce debate in Germany over continued support for Ukraine. The main opposition party, the Alternative for Germany (AfD), is highly critical of this support and calls for closer ties with Russia.
Evidence of Ukrainian involvement in the Nord Stream attack “would strengthen the AfD’s argument against supporting Ukraine,” Meister said. “They have all these narratives about corruption in Ukraine, about a failed state… That would resonate with a part of German society as well.”
The AfD has recently won a string of regional elections and is increasing pressure on Chancellor Friedrich Merz's government on issues of Ukraine, immigration and the economy.
Merz has responded by insisting even more strongly on his current policies, including those towards Ukraine. Most recently, on October 4, he was in Kiev, where he announced a new aid package that includes the joint production of interceptor missiles to shoot down Russian jet-powered drones.
Mikhaylo Honchar, head of the Kyiv-based Center for Global Studies - Strategy XXI, told REL that this support is likely to continue, regardless of the trial's conclusions.
"Considering Russia's real policy, which is directed against the EU and NATO, as well as Russia's anti-German rhetoric, I think the German government will avoid steps that would damage bilateral relations" with Ukraine, he said.
Honchar added that the case raised by the prosecution was "absurd", referring to German media reports that the attack may have been a covert Russian operation, organized to blame another party.
However, Honchar said that a guilty verdict would elicit a clear response in Ukraine.
"Many people will say: 'If our people did it, then they are heroes.'"/ REL
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